The most direct target for gene therapy in coronary artery disease is the vessel wall. However, an alternative target for gene transfer is the myocardium where the aim is to modulate the severity of, and resistance to, ischemia. Myocardial gene transfer after infarction may also allow manipulation of scar and noninfarcted remote myocardium to limit dilatation, enhance contractility, and ensure physiological postinfarction remodeling...