The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s
R. Ross

Russell Ross first introduced us to the “response to injury” hypothesis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in 1973...

Single intraluminal delivery of antisense cdc2 kinase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides results in chronic inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia
R. Morishita, G.H. Gibbons, K.E. Ellison, M. Nakajima, L. Zhang, Y. Kaneda, T. Ogihara, V.J. Dzau

In this study, antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) are used to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation...

Systemic delivery of recombinant proteins by genetically modified myoblasts
E. Barr, J.M. Leiden

Gene therapy via conventional vectors, either DNA vectors or virus vectors, has a number of limitations, not least the inability to infect the majority of cells in the vessel wall...

Antisense c-myb oligonucleotides inhibit intimal arterial smooth muscle cell accumulation in vivo
M. Simons, E.R. Edelman, J.L. DeKeyser, R. Langer, R.D. Rosenberg

Antisense oligonucleotides are short sequences of synthetic DNA which are complementary to the messenger RNA of a target gene...

Formation of nascent intercalated disks between grafted fetal cardiomyocytes and host myocardium
M.H. Soonpaa, G.H. Koh, M.G. Klug, L.J. Field

The adult myocardium has little or no regenerative capacity after myocyte death...

Site-specific gene expression in vivo by direct gene transfer into the arterial wall
E.G. Nabel, G. Plautz, G.J. Nabel

This study was the first demonstration that a recombinant gene product could be delivered to the vessel wall and be expressed over long periods of time...

High-efficiency gene transfer into mammalian cells: generation of helper-free recombinant retrovirus with broad mammalian host range
R.D. Cone, R.C. Mulligan

Retroviruses have emerged as extremely useful tools for transferring genes to target cells..

Gene therapy for vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation after arterial injury
T. Ohno, D. Gordon, H. San, V.J. Pompili, M.J. Imperiale, G.J. Nabel, E.G. Nabel

One way of reducing the mass of tissue which causes angioplasty restenosis is to kill vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)...

Genetic engineering of vein grafts resistant to atherosclerosis
M.J. Mann, G.H. Gibbons, R.S. Kernoff, F.P. Diet, P.S. Tsao, J.P. Cooke, Y. Kaneda, V.J. Dzau

The studies above primarily address the clinical problem of angioplasty restenosis...

Gene therapy inhibiting neointimal vascular lesion: in vivo transfer of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase gene
H.E. von der Leyen, G.H. Gibbons, R. Morishita, N.P. Lewis, L. Zhang, M. Nakajima, Y. Kaneda, J.P. Cooke, V.J. Dzau

For replacement gene therapy to be successful in humans, the gene of interest must be efficiently transferred to the vasculature, and be efficiently expressed...