Augmentation of the plasma norepinephrine response to exercise in patients with congestive heart failure
C.A. Chidsey, D.C. Harrison, E. Braunwald

Starling expounded his Law of the Heart in 1915. Its almost biblical resonance and authority dominated physiological thought through two world wars...

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in congestive failure in conscious dogs
L. Watkins Jr, J.A. Burton, E. Haber, J.R. Cant, F.W. Smith, A.C. Barger

These aptly designed experiments, quoted much less often than their importance warrants, were carried out in the mid-seventies...

Heart atrial granularity: effects of changes in water-electrolyte balance
A.J. de Bold

The discovery of the function of the atrial granules and their production of atrial natriuretic peptide has been one of the most exciting stories of modern cardiology...

Atrial natriuretic peptide elevation in congestive heart failure in the human
J.C. Burnett Jr, P.C. Kao, D.C. Hu, D.W. Heser, D. Heublein, J.P. Granger, T.J. Opgenorth, G.S. Reeder

Following de Bold’s discovery of the relation of the atrial granules to water and electrolyte balance, atrial natriuretic peptide was identified, its chemical composition established, and the molecule synthesized...

Edema of cardiac origin. Studies of body water and sodium, renal function, hemodynamic indexes, and plasma hormones in untreated congestive cardiac failure
I.S. Anand, R. Ferrari, G.S. Kalra, P.L. Wahi, P.A. Poole-Wilson, P.C. Harris

By the early 1980s, a great deal of fragmented information was available concerning the neurohumoral response in congestive cardiac failure...

Prostaglandins in severe congestive heart failure: relation to activation of the renin-angiotensin system and hyponatremia
V.J. Dzau, M. Packer, L.S. Lilly, S.L. Swartz, N.K. Hollenberg, G.H. Williams

This paper was published in 1984. That was around the time when atrial natriuretic peptide had appeared on the horizon...

Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure
J.N. Cohn, T.B. Levine, M.T. Olivari, V. Garberg, D. Lura, G.S. Francis, A.B. Simon, T. Rector

In this neat prospective study, Jay Cohn, Gary Francis, and their colleagues show for the first time that, in patients with clinical congestive cardiac failure, plasma norepinephrine is a better predictor of prognosis than hemodynamic measurements...

Congestive cardiac failure: central role of the arterial blood pressure
P. Harris

The history of the changing concepts of the mechanisms of formation of peripheral edema in cardiac patients goes back to 1832 when Hope proposed that an overworked ventricle first hypertrophies and then dilates, damming up the blood behind it, resulting in increased venous pressure, which is transmitted ultimately to the capillaries, where edema is formed...

The neurohormonal hypothesis: a theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure
M. Packer

This review of the literature concerning the role of neurohumoral stimulation in congestive heart failure attempts to answer the question: do systemic vasodilators or myocardial stimulants reduce mortality?...

Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD)
G.S. Francis, C. Benedict, D.E. Johnstone, P.C. Kirlin, J. Nicklas, C.S. Liang, S.H. Kubo, E. Rudin- Toretsky, S. Yusuf

This study was a spin-off from SOLVD (Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction), a large trial testing the effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction (<35%)...