Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque
L. Jonasson, J. Holm, O. Skalli, G. Bondjers, G. K. Hansson

The human atherosclerotic plaque is a heterogeneous structure, particularly in its advanced state, consisting of a variety of cell types...

The interleukin-1 family: 10 years of discovery
C. A. Dinarello

Cytokines are small, highly active molecules that are produced by a variety of cells in response particularly to injury or infection...

Adhesion molecules—Part 1
P. S. Frenette, D. D. Wagner

Adhesion molecules and adhesion receptors regulate a wide variety of physiological situations and pathologies, such as embryogenesis, wound repair, cell growth, and differentiation...

The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families
F. Bazzoni, B. Beutler

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine with a multitude of actions. Originally characterized as an agent able to kill tumor cells, it also is a catabolic hormone (cachectin) and a proinflammatory molecule, acting as a mediator of toxic shock...

Scavenger receptor family proteins: roles for atherosclerosis, host defence and disorders of the central nervous system
Y. Yamada, T. Doi, T. Hamakubo, T. Kodama

The first scavenger receptor (SR) was discovered in 1979, as a mechanism by which oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is preferentially taken up by macrophages...

Activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products: a mechanism for chronic vascular dysfunction in diabetic vasculopathy and atherosclerosis
A. M. Schmidt, S. D. Yan, J. L. Wautier, D. Stern

Diabetics get atherosclerosis. More than this, diabetics get earlier, more diffuse, and aggressive atherosclerosis, and have a worse outcome of their vascular disease compared with nondiabetics...

NF-κB: pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis?
T. Collins, M. I. Cybulsky

Few molecules can signal as many different functions, some of which are opposing, as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)...

New therapeutic targets revealed through investigations of innate immunity
R. J. Ulevitch

The innate immune system comprises a mechanism by which cells induce genes for potent antimicrobial peptides upon exposure to pathogens, without formation of antibodies...

Chemokines and disease
C. Gerard, B. J. Rollins

Over 50 chemokine ligands and over 20 G-protein–coupled chemokine receptors have been identified to date...

Inflammation and atherosclerosis
P. Libby, P. M. Ridker, A. Maseri

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease— a widely held and almost uniformly accepted principle...