Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Despite its relatively recent publication date of 1998, this review has since been surpassed by many exciting advances in the science and therapeutics of drugs relating to the reninangiotensin system (RAS)...

Interaction of genetic deficiency of endothelial nitric oxide, gender, and pregnancy in vascular response to injury in mice
M. Moroi, L. Zhang, T. Yasuda, R. Virmani, H. K. Gold, M. C. Fishman, P. L. Huang

After having long been overlooked due to its ubiquitousness, the endothelium is now recognized as a massive cardiovascular organ...

Acute anti-ischemic effects of perindoprilat in men with coronary artery disease and their relation with left ventricular function
G. L. Bartels, F. M. van den Heuvel, D. J. van Veldhuisen, M. van der Ent, W. J. Remme

Twenty-five patients with a history of exerciseinduced ischemia were subjected to pacinginduced myocardial ischemia and various investigations either in the presence or absence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril, delivered as the active form, perindoprilat...

Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators
S. Yusuf, P. Sleight, J. Pogue, J. Bosch, R. Davies, G. Dagenais

HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) was a landmark study designed to test the hypothesis that two intervention strategies, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (with ramipril) or vitamin E, would improve morbidity and mortality in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events, compared with placebo...

Randomised trial of perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack
PROGRESS Collaborative Group

In view of the fact that the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is strongly related to the level of systolic blood pressure (SBP), the Perindopril pROtection aGainst REcurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS) investigators wished to determine the benefits of BP lowering in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease by performing a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial with perindopril either alone or in combination with indapamide, against matched placebo...

Perindopril alters vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme, AT1 receptor, and nitric oxide synthase expression in patients with coronary heart disease
J. L. Zhuo, F. A. Mendelsohn, M. Ohishi

This is a particularly intriguing paper as it demonstrates the ability of the lipophilic carboxyl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril to inhibit both circulating and tissue ACE in the endothelium as well as in the adventitia of blood vessels...

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol
L. H. Lindholm, H. Ibsen, B. Dahlof, R. B. Devereux, G. Beevers, U. de Faire, F. Fyhrquist, S. Julius, S. E. Kjeldsen, K. Kristiansson, et al

LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) was a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial designed to compare the effects of losartan and atenolol on cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in 9193 high-risk hypertensive patients (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 160-200 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 95-115 mm Hg)...

Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomized trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan
K. Dickstein, J. Kjekshus; OPTIMAAL Steering Committee of the OPTIMAAL Study Group

In the OPtimal Trial In Myocardial infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (OPTIMAAL), 5477 patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction were randomized after myocardial infarction (MI) to either losartan or captopril...

Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM Investigators and Committees
M. A. Pfeffer, K. Swedberg, C. B. Granger, P. Held, J. J. McMurray, E. L. Michelson, B. Olofsson, J. Ostergren, S. Yusuf, S. Pocock; CHARM Investigators and Committees

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have an established role in the prevention of death from cardiovascular disease CVD, but despite their use at target dosages, angiotensin II (AT II) can still be produced through non-ACE pathways...

Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial (the EUROPA study)
K. M. Fox; EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators

EUROPA (EURopean trial On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease) is the largest trial of stable, relatively low-risk coronary artery disease (CAD) patients...