Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) offers a new therapeutic approach for patients with ventricular dyssynchrony and moderate-tosevere heart failure who have dilated cardiomyopathy, regardless of etiology, with depressed systolic function and a QRS =120 ms. Clinical trials have shown that it is safe and effective, achieving significant improvement in clinical symptoms, multiple measures of functional status, and exercise capacity. Furthermore, CRT has reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. Conclusive cost-effectiveness data are not yet available. Whether or not heart failure patients should be implanted with a CRT plus defibrillator (CRT-D) device versus CRT alone remains debatable, although growing evidence is pointing to extensive use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in this population...