Myocarditis remains difficult to diagnose, mainly due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation and the limitations of the diagnostic tests available. Standard diagnostic tests such as ECG, echocardiography, laboratory testing, and angiography provide important clues, but do not diagnose myocarditis directly. Only the current gold standard, endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), and, to a limited degree, the newly emerging noninvasive technique of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are capable of directly detecting myocarditis in living patients. However, despite the merits of CMR, we do not believe that this technique can completely replace EMB for the investigation of myocarditis in the near future, since CMR is currently neither able to reliably assess the severity of inflammation nor definitively detect the underlying (mostly viral) pathogens...