Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle caused by intramyocardial infiltration of immunocompetent cells following any kind of cardiac injury. Classic myocarditis mainly occurs because of the host’s immune response against organisms that cause common infectious illnesses, as a manifestation of hypersensitivity, or as a toxic reaction to drug administration. Chronic inflammatory events may continue after the initial successful clearance of cardiotoxic agents, be triggered or amplified by autoimmunologic processes, or develop in the context of systemic diseases. If the underlying infectious or immune-mediated causes are carefully defined, specific immunosuppressive and antiviral treatment options may improve prognosis of patients with acute and chronic disease...