Minimizing macrovascular and microvascular complications is a major goal in the management of diabetes. For this to be achieved, it is necessary to adopt a multiple risk-factor interventional approach. This involves lifestyle choices, careful education, and strategies addressing the reduction of blood glucose, control of blood pressure, and optimization of lipid profiles. Here we discuss the general strategy, with particular emphasis placed on blood glucose control. A number of recent studies have investigated the effects of tight blood glucose control on macrovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes, and these are also reviewed. Although current guidelines provide a suggested approach to management of diabetes, therapeutic targets as well as treatment regimens should be individually tailored and agreed upon between physician and patient...